Rats as Pets: Social, Smart and Short-Lived

A Social Species That Needs Company

Rats live in groups, and a single rat misses out on the grooming, play and sleeping in a heap that only other rats give. PDSA advises keeping rats in pairs or small groups, same sex unless neutered. Littermates are easiest. Introducing adult rats can work, but go slowly on neutral ground.

Smart, Trainable and Quick to Bond

Rats learn their names, come when called, and can learn tricks and simple tasks with food rewards. Many enjoy being handled and will ride on a shoulder. Pick them up with a hand under the body; never by the tail.

Space and Setup

PDSA's advice is simple: as much living space as you can give, plus extra space for exercise. A large ferret or chinchilla-size cage suits a pair, with more room for more rats.

• Solid floors and shelves, lined with paper-based bedding or fleece. Avoid dusty wood shavings and sawdust.
• Bars close enough that rats can't squeeze through (young rats are small).
• Hammocks, ropes, ladders, tunnels and hides to climb and sleep in.
• Chews to keep their ever-growing teeth worn down.
• About 68°F (20°C), indoors, away from drafts, direct sun, and loud speakers or TVs.

Free-Roam Time, Supervised

Rats need daily exercise and exploration outside the cage, in a secure room or a playpen, with you watching. Rat-proof first: hide cables, block gaps behind furniture, and remove anything poisonous or chewable you care about. Scatter food or hide treats to make them forage.

Diet

Feed a complete rat food (nuggets or blocks, so they can't pick out favorites), measured to avoid weight gain, plus small amounts of fresh vegetables and the odd treat. Rats will eat almost anything, so keep sugary, salty and fatty human food to a minimum. Fresh water should always be available.

Short-Lived, and Worth It

Rats live about two to three years. That short life is the hardest thing about them. Many owners feel it's worth it, and some find the time frame suits a stage of life, such as older children or students. Plan for that time frame before you buy.

Health: Preventive Care

Find a vet who sees rats before you need one. Check your rats over during handling each week: eyes, nose, breathing, coat, teeth and any lumps. Rats are prone to breathing problems and lumps, especially as they age, so mention anything new to your vet promptly. Clean, dust-free bedding and good ventilation help their lungs.